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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

Immunosuppressive therapy for ocular diseases.

Aliza Jap¹, Soon-Phaik Chee

¹Division of Ophthalmology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

|October 16, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in immunosuppressive therapy offer new options for ocular diseases. Biologics and oral medications show promise, with ongoing research into novel drug delivery systems for eye inflammation.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Ocular inflammatory diseases require effective immunosuppression.
Traditional therapies have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in immunosuppressive therapy for ocular diseases since 2007.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of new treatment options.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on immunosuppressive agents for ocular conditions.
Analysis of biologics, small molecules, and drug delivery systems.

Main Results:

Biologics like anti-TNF-alpha agents are effective for refractory uveitis.
Mycophenolate mofetil offers an oral, well-tolerated alternative.
T cell inhibitors show steroid-sparing potential.
Ocular drug delivery systems demonstrate promising preclinical results.

Conclusions:

The range of immunosuppressive treatments for ocular inflammation is expanding.
New therapies offer improved safety and efficacy for managing eye diseases.