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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy
08:22

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy

Published on: January 12, 2022

[Optical coherence tomography study in tamoxifen maculopathy].

M Baget-Bernaldiz1, N Soler Lluis, P Romero-Aroca

  • 1Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Sant Joan, Universitat i Virgili, Reus, España. mbaget@gmail.com

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|October 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tamoxifen maculopathy can cause vision loss through retinal nerve fiber atrophy or macular edema. Advanced imaging techniques like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography aid in diagnosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tamoxifen is a widely used medication for breast cancer treatment.
  • Prolonged tamoxifen use can lead to ocular side effects, including maculopathy.

Observation:

  • A case report detailing a patient with progressive, bilateral vision loss after 13 years of tamoxifen treatment.
  • Ocular examination included fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography to assess macular changes.

Findings:

  • Tamoxifen maculopathy can manifest as retinal nerve fiber atrophy or macular edema.
  • Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography provide complementary information for diagnosing tamoxifen-induced macular changes.

Implications:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of tamoxifen maculopathy is crucial for early detection and management.
  • Ophthalmologists should consider tamoxifen use in patients presenting with unexplained visual disturbances.