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Related Concept Videos

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert Ellis's...
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation.

Joel D Killen1, Stephen P Fortmann, Alan F Schatzberg

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5705, USA. jkillen@stanford.edu

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|October 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Extended cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) improved smoking abstinence rates up to 20 weeks. However, long-term abstinence rates at 52 weeks did not significantly differ between groups, suggesting further research is needed.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking cessation remains a significant public health challenge.
  • Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a widely used intervention for smoking cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of extended Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for smoking abstinence.
  • To determine if extended CBT promotes sustained smoking cessation beyond 20 weeks.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 304 adult smokers.
  • Participants received initial treatment (bupropion SR, nicotine patch, CBT) followed by extended treatment (CBT with support or general support).
  • Smoking abstinence was assessed using 7-day point prevalence and expired-air carbon monoxide at various follow-up points.

Main Results:

  • At 20 weeks, CBT significantly increased 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates (45% vs. 29%, P = 0.006).
  • At 52 weeks, the difference in abstinence rates between groups was not statistically significant (31% vs. 27%).
  • A history of depression moderated treatment response, with those affected benefiting more from less intensive support at 20 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Extended CBT shows superiority in promoting smoking abstinence up to 20 weeks.
  • The findings suggest that continued focus on cognitive and behavioral strategies may aid long-term maintenance of abstinence.
  • The optimal duration of therapy for sustained smoking cessation remains undetermined.