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Non-LTR Retrotransposons

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

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[A new database on polymorphic retroelements in human genome (PRED)].

I Z Mamedov, A L Amosov, G Iu Fisunov

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia

|October 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Polymorphic retroelements in the human genome are key to genetic diversity. A new database catalogs these elements, aiding in the development of novel genetic markers for population and medical research.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Context:

Primate genome comparisons reveal retroelements contribute significantly to genetic differences.
The human genome hosts numerous polymorphic retroelement copies with potential as next-generation molecular genetic markers.
Current use of polymorphic retroelements is hindered by a lack of comprehensive data on their genomic distribution and population frequencies.

Purpose:

To establish the first bilingual (Russian/English) internet resource detailing polymorphic retroelements in the human genome.
To consolidate information on retroelement copy location, gene proximity, and allele frequencies across human populations.
To facilitate research into retroelement distribution and the design of new genetic markers.

Summary:

A new bilingual online database has been developed, cataloging known polymorphic retroelements within the human genome.
The database includes detailed information on each retroelement's genomic location, its relationship to genes, and its prevalence in various human populations.
Users can search the database using multiple criteria to explore retroelement distribution and characteristics.

Impact:

Enables systematic investigation of polymorphic retroelement distribution in the human genome.
Supports the design and development of novel genetic markers for diverse population and medical studies.
Provides a valuable resource for researchers studying human genetic variation and its implications.