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The tribe Ehrlichieae and ehrlichial diseases.

Y Rikihisa1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Ehrlichia species are tick-borne bacteria that infect various animals and humans, causing ehrlichiosis. Further research is needed to understand how these obligate intracellular parasites infect and cause disease in leukocytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • The tribe Ehrlichieae comprises gram-negative cocci, obligate intracellular parasites within the Rickettsiaceae family.
  • Ehrlichial organisms, though long observed in leukocytes, are rarely cultured for detailed analysis.
  • Recent studies indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between Ehrlichia and Rickettsia genera based on 16S-rRNA sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics of Ehrlichia species, their associated diseases (ehrlichiosis), and transmission routes.
  • To highlight recent discoveries of ehrlichial diseases in horses and humans in the United States.
  • To differentiate Ehrlichia from Rickettsia regarding cellular location and pathogenic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Ehrlichia biology, classification, and diseases.
  • Analysis of 16S-rRNA sequence data to determine phylogenetic relationships.
  • Comparison of cellular tropism and disease manifestations between Ehrlichia and Rickettsia.

Main Results:

  • Ehrlichia species are closely related to Rickettsia but lack antigenic cross-reactivity.
  • Ehrlichiosis is transmitted by ticks and affects dogs, ruminants, horses, and humans.
  • New diseases, Potomac horse fever (caused by Ehrlichia risticii) and human ehrlichiosis, have emerged.
  • Ehrlichia reside in cytoplasmic vacuoles of monocytes/granulocytes, unlike Rickettsia.
  • Diagnosis relies on serology or microscopic examination of blood smears.

Conclusions:

  • Ehrlichia species represent significant pathogens in both veterinary and human medicine.
  • Understanding the infection mechanisms of Ehrlichia within leukocytes is crucial for disease control.
  • Current diagnostic methods are species-dependent and require further refinement.

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