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Cryptosporidiosis.

W L Current1, L S Garcia

  • 1Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285-0428.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Cryptosporidiosis, once rare, is now a major global diarrheal illness, especially in developing nations and AIDS patients. Improved diagnostics reveal Cryptosporidium parvum as a common enteropathogen, also linked to other diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cryptosporidiosis was historically considered rare in humans and animals before 1982.
  • Increased awareness and diagnostic advancements have led to a surge in research and case reports.
  • Cryptosporidium species are now recognized as significant enteropathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Cryptosporidium species and cryptosporidiosis.
  • To highlight the changing perception of Cryptosporidium as a pathogen.
  • To summarize knowledge on natural history, epidemiology, biology, immunology, clinical features, pathogenicity, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of publications and case reports on Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis.
  • Analysis of the evolution of understanding regarding Cryptosporidium as a human pathogen.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge across various aspects of the infection.

Main Results:

  • Over 1,000 publications and 400 case reports now exist, a dramatic increase since 1982.
  • Cryptosporidium parvum is identified as a leading cause of human diarrheal illness globally, particularly in developing countries.
  • The pathogen is increasingly implicated in hepatobiliary and respiratory diseases, beyond its established role in enteritis.

Conclusions:

  • Cryptosporidium is a significant global health concern, often underdiagnosed previously.
  • It represents a severe threat, especially to immunocompromised individuals like those with AIDS.
  • Further research into effective therapies for cryptosporidiosis is crucial.

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