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Clinical and serologic study of four smallpox vaccines comparing variations of dose and route of administration.

J D Cherry, K McIntosh, J D Connor

    The Journal of Infectious Diseases
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed

    Insights

    This study compared four smallpox vaccines in children. The CV-1 strain showed lower infectivity and potency compared to licensed vaccines, impacting immune responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Vaccinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Smallpox vaccination is crucial for preventing disease.
    • Evaluating the efficacy and safety of different vaccine strains is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the antigenicity and reactogenicity of four smallpox vaccines.
    • To assess dose-response relationships and immune responses to different vaccine strains.

    Main Methods:

    • 786 children received primary percutaneous vaccination with three concentrations of four smallpox vaccine strains.
    • Assessed vaccine potency, infectivity, lesion size, fever incidence, and antibody production (hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies).

    Main Results:

    • Licensed vaccines (New York City, Lister) showed similar potencies; CV-1 strain was 10-fold less infectious and produced smaller lesions.
    • CV-1 vaccination resulted in lower neutralizing antibody induction (30%) compared to licensed vaccines (82-85%).
    • Minor complications were most frequent with New York City strains.

    Conclusions:

    • The CV-1 strain exhibits reduced immunogenicity and infectivity compared to licensed smallpox vaccines.
    • Licensed vaccines demonstrate comparable potency and induce robust neutralizing antibody responses.
    • Vaccine strain selection impacts reactogenicity and immune response, necessitating careful consideration in smallpox prevention strategies.

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