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Electroencephalogram patterns during sleep reflux in infants.

J M Sondheimer1, E Hoddes

  • 1Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver.

Gastroenterology
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Gastroesophageal reflux in infants significantly decreases waking electroencephalogram patterns during sleep. However, sleep architecture and arousal patterns remain unaffected in infants with pathological reflux.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants, potentially affecting sleep.
  • Infants with apnea or chronic lung disease are at higher risk for GER.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux on infant sleep patterns.
  • To compare sleep architecture and arousal responses in infants with and without pathological GER.

Main Methods:

  • Nighttime polysomnography and esophageal pH monitoring in 24 infants (3-35 months).
  • Categorization of infants into pathological GER (n=15) and symptomatic controls (n=9).
  • Analysis of sleep stages, sleep efficiency, and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during reflux and non-reflux periods.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in sleep stage distribution, sleep efficiency, or arousal frequency between groups.
  • Sleep reflux episodes were associated with a 50% decrease in stage 0 EEG (waking) and a compensatory increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep stages.
  • Reflux onset occurred across various sleep stages, with slight body movements accompanying most sleep reflux episodes.

Conclusions:

  • Pathological GER does not alter overall sleep architecture or arousal frequency in infants.
  • Sleep-related GER is characterized by a reduction in waking EEG activity, indicating a potential disruption of cortical arousal.
  • Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of reduced waking EEG during sleep reflux in infants.