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A rapid screening test for detection of IgA deficiency
B J Schulenburg1, F V Plapp, J M Rachel
1Community Blood Center of Greater Kansas City, Missouri.
Transfusion
|September 1, 1991
Summary
A new assay screens blood donors for immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency. This method identified a frequency of 1 in 340 IgA-deficient donors, offering a faster alternative for screening.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Hematology
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency.
- Accurate and efficient screening methods are crucial for identifying affected blood donors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay for screening blood donors for IgA deficiency.
- To determine the frequency of IgA deficiency in the screened donor population.
Main Methods:
- Development of a novel solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assay.
- Screening of 6117 blood donor sera using the SPRCA assay.
- Confirmation of IgA deficiency in a subset of sera using passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI).
Main Results:
- The SPRCA assay identified 18 sera as IgA deficient out of 6117 screened, a frequency of approximately 1 in 340.
- Retesting of 17 IgA-deficient sera by PHI confirmed 8 as deficient and identified 9 with low IgA levels (<1 mg/dL).
- The SPRCA assay demonstrated an approximate sensitivity of 1 mg/dL for IgA detection.
Conclusions:
- The SPRCA assay is a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for screening blood donors for IgA deficiency.
- This assay provides a valuable alternative to conventional screening methods.
- The identified frequency highlights the importance of screening for IgA deficiency in blood donations.