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Updated: Jun 28, 2026
09:16
Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing
Published on: February 16, 2017
Thoracic costotransverse joint pain patterns: a study in normal volunteers
Brian A Young1, Howard E Gill, Robert S Wainner
1Department of Physical Therapy, Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas, USA. byoungpt@earthlink.net
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|October 17, 2008
Summary
Investigating asymptomatic costotransverse joints revealed localized pain patterns, not referred pain. This study establishes preliminary pain referral data for these joints.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Pain Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Pain referral patterns for asymptomatic costotransverse joints are not well-established.
- Understanding these patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the pain referral patterns of asymptomatic costotransverse joints.
- To achieve this through provocative intra-articular injections.
Main Methods:
- Eight healthy male volunteers underwent 21 intra-articular costotransverse joint injections.
- Fluoroscopic guidance and arthrograms confirmed intra-articular placement.
- Pain characteristics (quality, intensity, distribution) were systematically recorded.
Main Results:
- 16 of 21 injections (76%) were confirmed as intra-articular.
- 14 injections produced distinct pain, averaging 3.3/10 (deep, dull ache, pressure).
- Pain was primarily superficial, with minimal cranial/caudal referral at T2; no chest wall, upper extremity, or pseudovisceral pain was reported.
Conclusions:
- This study offers initial data on costotransverse joint pain referral in asymptomatic individuals.
- Further research is necessary to compare these findings with symptomatic subjects.
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