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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

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Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
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Published on: June 9, 2015

Cervical thymic remnants in children.

Melissa McCarty Statham1, Deepak Mehta, J Paul Willging

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|October 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital cervical thymic remnants are rare but should be considered in pediatric neck masses. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment, offering successful outcomes with no recurrences.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Developmental Biology
  • Head and Neck Pathology

Background:

  • Congenital cervical thymic remnants are rare ectopic tissues.
  • These remnants arise from embryonic development and are typically found in the third branchial pouch distribution.
  • They can present as cystic or solid masses in the neck.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the clinical presentation of congenital cervical thymic remnants.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of preoperative imaging.
  • To assess surgical management and outcomes for these anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 20 children.
  • Data collected from a single tertiary care institution between 1975 and 2006.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, imaging, surgical procedures, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Twenty children with cervical thymic remnants were identified.
  • Preoperative diagnosis was challenging, with imaging correctly identifying remnants in only 15% of cases.
  • Surgical excision was successful in all patients, with no reported recurrences.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital cervical thymic remnants are rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively.
  • They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses in children, particularly those near the third branchial pouch derivatives.
  • Surgical excision is the recommended diagnostic and therapeutic approach.