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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
12:45

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2022

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

J Turner1, T J Saclarides

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Minerva Chirurgica
|October 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) offers a minimally invasive approach for early rectal cancers and benign lesions. While effective for local excision, it requires careful preoperative assessment for lymph node involvement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
12:45

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer

Published on: February 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is an established technique for rectal cancer treatment.
  • TEM provides excellent visualization for middle and upper rectal lesions.
  • A key limitation of TEM is its inability to assess local lymph node status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TEM for early-stage rectal cancer.
  • To highlight the role of TEM in treating benign rectal lesions.
  • To discuss the advantages of TEM over traditional surgical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes carbon dioxide insufflation via a 40 mm rectoscope for enhanced endoscopic visualization.
  • Application in the removal of benign rectal lesions.
  • Investigated for T1, T2, and T3 rectal cancers, often in conjunction with adjuvant therapies.

Main Results:

  • TEM demonstrates safety and effectiveness for T1 rectal cancers.
  • Potential role in T2 and T3 cancers when combined with chemoradiation.
  • Offers lower recurrence rates, faster recovery, and fewer complications compared to radical surgery.

Conclusions:

  • TEM is a valuable technique for early rectal cancer and benign rectal tumors.
  • Adequate preoperative staging is critical for patient selection in TEM.
  • TEM presents a promising minimally invasive option with favorable outcomes.