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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin
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Published on: November 26, 2013

Can emergency medical dispatch systems safely reduce first-responder call volume?

David C Cone1, Nicholas Galante, Donald S MacMillan

  • 1Division of EMS, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519-1315, USA. david.cone@yale.edu

Prehospital Emergency Care
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PubMed
Summary

Implementing an emergency medical dispatch (EMD) system significantly reduced first-responder call volume by approximately 50%. The new EMD protocols were found to be safe for patients, with a very low undertriage rate.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Public Health Policy
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Many emergency medical services (EMS) systems historically dispatch first responders to all calls.
  • This practice can lead to unnecessary resource utilization and increased operational costs.
  • Implementing standardized emergency medical dispatch (EMD) protocols aims to optimize resource allocation based on patient acuity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a newly implemented EMD system on first-responder call volume.
  • To assess the safety and effectiveness of the EMD system in a small city setting.
  • To determine if the EMD system appropriately triaged emergency medical calls.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, before-and-after trial design was employed.
  • Computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) data from 120 days before and 120 days after EMD implementation were analyzed.
  • Patient care reports from ambulance-only dispatches were reviewed for potential undertriage.

Main Results:

  • First-responder engine runs decreased from 84.3% to 39.1% of total EMS calls post-implementation.
  • The median daily first-responder runs decreased significantly (p=0.0008).
  • Only 0.55% of ambulance-only dispatches were identified as potentially benefiting from first-responder presence, with no adverse patient outcomes noted.

Conclusions:

  • A formal EMD system can effectively reduce first-responder call volume by approximately 50%.
  • The implemented EMD system demonstrated a high degree of safety, with a minimal undertriage rate.
  • EMD protocols offer a viable strategy for optimizing EMS resource deployment without compromising patient care.