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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources, and lay...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Treating hepatitis C in the prison population is cost-saving.

Jennifer A Tan1, Tom A Joseph, Sammy Saab

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)
|October 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Treating chronic hepatitis C in U.S. prisons with pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) and ribavirin is cost-effective for most inmates, improving quality of life and saving costs. Denying access based on cost is not justified for this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) affects 12-31% of U.S. prisoners.
  • Treatment decisions for HCV in prisons are controversial.
  • Previous studies show HCV treatment is cost-effective in the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the cost-effectiveness of HCV treatment with PEG IFN and ribavirin in U.S. prisons.
  • To evaluate the economic impact of treating HCV in an incarcerated population.

Main Methods:

  • Decision analysis model using Markov simulation.
  • Modeled a cohort of prisoners with typical genotypes and fibrosis stages.
  • Utilized literature data for transition probabilities, costs, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • HCV treatment was cost-effective for all ages and genotypes without pretreatment biopsy.
  • Treatment was cost-saving for prisoners with fibrosis or cirrhosis when a biopsy was used.
  • Cost-effectiveness was robust across various disease progression, mortality, and response rates.

Conclusions:

  • HCV treatment with PEG IFN and ribavirin improves quality of life and is cost-saving for most U.S. prisoners.
  • Pharmaco-economic data support providing HCV therapy to the incarcerated population.
  • Access to HCV treatment should not be denied to inmates based on cost concerns.