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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs

Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs

Published on: May 18, 2022

Expression of AP-2delta in the developing chick retina.

Xiaodong Li¹, Darryl D Glubrecht, Raja Mita

¹Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists

|October 17, 2008

Summary

A new transcription factor, AP-2delta, is found in the embryonic chick retina and brain. Its expression pattern suggests a role in the development of specific retinal ganglion cells.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Loss-of-Function Approach in the Embryonic Chick Retina by Using Tol2 Transposon-Mediated Transgenic Expression of Artificial microRNAs

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Transcription factors of the AP-2 family are crucial for embryonic development.
Previous studies identified AP-2alpha and AP-2beta in the chick retina.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the expression and localization of a novel chicken AP-2 family member, AP-2delta.
To investigate the potential role of AP-2delta in embryonic chick retina development.

Main Methods:

In situ hybridization to detect AP-2delta RNA.
Immunohistochemical analysis to detect AP-2delta protein.
Co-immunostaining with retinal cell markers (Brn3a).

Main Results:

AP-2delta is primarily expressed in the embryonic chick retina and brain between days 7 and 11.
AP-2delta RNA and protein are localized to a subset of retinal ganglion cells.
Approximately one-third of Brn3a-positive ganglion cells express AP-2delta.
AP-2delta RNA is also detected in the inner nuclear layer, but protein is not.

Conclusions:

AP-2delta exhibits a specific spatio-temporal expression pattern in the developing chick retina.
The findings suggest a transient role for AP-2delta in a subset of late-born retinal ganglion cells.
AP-2delta may be involved in axonal trafficking or pathfinding during retinal development.