Flow injection analysis of water. Part 2: Integrated system for automatic multideterrnination
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
Published on: June 27, 2025
J S Cosano1, M D de Castro, M Valcárcel
1Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Córdoba Córdoba E-14004 Spain.
Abstract:
This paper describes an integrated flow injection (FI) system for the determination of ammonia, sulphate and Fe(II)/Fe(III) which can work unattended for long periods. The system was designed for the determination of individual analytes in long series of samples. Each batch of samples requires manual selection of parameters and units, such as wavelength for monitoring, preconcentration column, loops and switching of three valves to select the carrier, reagents and eluent. The system then works automatically.
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