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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Tuberculosis01:23

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines
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Malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions: immunophenotypic cellular characterization.

Lucia Maria Zanatta de Aguiar1, Leila Antonangelo, Francisco S Vargas

  • 1Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
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Tuberculosis and cancer pleural effusions have distinct immune cell profiles. Tuberculous effusions show increased CD3+ cells, while malignant effusions have more CD14+ cells, aiding in differential diagnosis.

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Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Published on: September 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pleural effusion is commonly caused by tuberculosis or malignancy.
  • Immune cell migration to the pleural cavity is a hallmark of pleural involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To immunophenotypically characterize leukocytes in pleural effusions and peripheral blood of patients with tuberculosis or malignancy.
  • To identify distinct immune cell signatures associated with tuberculosis versus malignancy in pleural effusions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of leukocyte immunophenotypes in pleural effusion and peripheral blood.
  • Comparison of cell populations between patients with tuberculosis (14), malignancy (16), and healthy controls (20).
  • Flow cytometry was used to identify specific cell surface markers (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD14, CD20, CD25, CD45RO, HLA-DR, TCR, CD95L).

Main Results:

  • Malignant effusions showed higher percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD3CD45RO+, and CD20CD25+ lymphocytes compared to peripheral blood.
  • Tuberculous effusions had increased lymphocytes expressing CD3+, CD4+, CD3CD45RO+, CD3TCRalphabeta+, CD3CD28+, and CD20+, with decreased CD14+, CD8+, and CD3TCRgammadelta+ cells.
  • Malignant effusions had higher CD14+ expression, while tuberculous effusions showed higher CD3+ and CD3CD95L+ expression.
  • Peripheral blood in tuberculosis patients exhibited higher CD14+, CD20CD25+, and CD3CD95L+ expression.
  • Peripheral blood from both tuberculosis and cancer patients had lower CD3CD4+ and CD3CD28+ cells, but higher CD3CD8+, CD3CD25+, and CD3CD80+ cells compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral blood in tuberculosis and malignancy is enriched with memory helper/inducer T cells.
  • CD14+ cells are more prevalent in malignant pleural effusions.
  • CD3+ cells expressing Fas ligand (CD95L) are more common in tuberculous pleural effusions, suggesting distinct immune responses.