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The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

The Nucleosome

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

Additional Subnuclear Structures

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals.
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Chromatin: linking structure and function in the nucleolus.

Peter C McKeown¹, Peter J Shaw

¹Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK. peter.mckeown@bbsrc.ac.uk

|October 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin controls nucleolar structure by modulating rDNA activity and packaging. Understanding nucleolar chromatin is key to linking gene organization with nuclear architecture.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

Published on: April 30, 2026

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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Published on: September 10, 2013

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Published on: January 31, 2019

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The nucleolus serves as a model for understanding chromatin's role in nuclear organization and transcription.
Chromatin structure significantly influences gene expression and nuclear architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

To review how chromatin regulates nucleolar structure and rDNA activity.
To explore the role of rDNA packaging in transcription and recombination.
To discuss novel chromatin components and their potential impact on nucleolar function.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on chromatin regulation of the nucleolus.
Analysis of studies on rDNA remodelling complexes and packaging.
Discussion of mass spectrometry findings for nucleolar proteins.

Main Results:

Chromatin modulates rDNA transcription via remodelling complexes and direct packaging.
RDNA packaging regulates transcription and may suppress recombination within tandem repeats.
Mass spectrometry reveals novel nucleolar chromatin proteins with potential regulatory roles.

Conclusions:

Nucleolar chromatin structure is critical for regulating rDNA activity and nuclear organization.
Further characterization of nucleolar chromatin components is essential for understanding gene organization and nuclear architecture.
There is significant overlap between nucleolar and non-nucleolar chromatin components, suggesting shared regulatory mechanisms.