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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

The interplay between nitric oxide and peroxiredoxins.

Kahina Abbas1, Jacques Breton, Jean-Claude Drapier

  • 1Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91, 190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Immunobiology
|October 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Peroxiredoxins are key antioxidant enzymes that can be reversibly inactivated by oxidation. Sulfiredoxin enzyme restores peroxiredoxin activity, offering a novel regulatory mechanism for reactive oxygen species signaling and cytotoxicity.

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Radical Anion by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy from Cells using Spin Traps

Published on: August 18, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Redox Biology

Background:

  • Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are crucial antioxidant enzymes that reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • Prx activity relies on a conserved cysteine residue, which can become oxidized to sulfenic and then sulfinic acid, leading to inactivation.
  • This reversible inactivation affects H2O2 signaling and cellular redox balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of peroxiredoxin regulation in the context of H2O2 signaling.
  • To discuss the role of sulfiredoxin in reactivating overoxidized peroxiredoxins.
  • To examine the impact of nitric oxide (NO) on peroxiredoxin expression and redox state in various physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent findings on peroxiredoxin function and regulation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the interplay between peroxiredoxins, sulfiredoxin, and reactive oxygen species.
  • Examination of research on nitric oxide's influence on peroxiredoxin redox state and expression.

Main Results:

  • Peroxiredoxins act as a reversible switch, modulating ROS signaling and cytotoxicity.
  • Sulfiredoxin facilitates the recovery of activity in overoxidized peroxiredoxins, representing a novel regulatory pathway.
  • Nitric oxide influences peroxiredoxin expression and redox state in diverse systems, including immune cells, neurons, and plants.

Conclusions:

  • The peroxiredoxin-sulfiredoxin system offers a new mechanism for controlling ROS-mediated cellular responses.
  • Understanding peroxiredoxin regulation is vital for comprehending cellular defense against oxidative stress and signaling.
  • Nitric oxide's interaction with peroxiredoxins has significant implications in various physiopathological processes.