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Published on: September 21, 2021
Developmental outcomes after pediatric heart transplantation
Richard E Chinnock1, M Catherin Freier, Stephen Ashwal
1Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA. rchinnock@llu.edu
Summary
Pediatric heart transplant recipients typically show low-normal developmental outcomes. Long-term success requires attention to cognitive, emotional, and learning needs for a productive adult life.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Transplant Medicine
Background:
- Pediatric heart transplantation has a 20-year history with improving survival rates.
- Focus is shifting towards understanding long-term outcomes in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on developmental outcomes in children following heart transplantation.
- To inform clinical practice regarding the long-term well-being of pediatric heart transplant survivors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on developmental outcomes after pediatric heart transplantation.
Main Results:
- Most pediatric heart transplant recipients achieve low-normal developmental outcomes, similar to those with complex congenital heart disease.
- School-aged children generally function well in mainstream settings, though some require educational support; 10% may have neurological impairment.
- Common behavioral issues include depression, social concerns, and attention difficulties, with parental reports being more frequent; family factors significantly influence outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive abilities, learning, self-perception, and emotions are crucial for pediatric heart transplant recipients' transition to adulthood.
- Addressing these psychosocial and cognitive factors is integral to comprehensive care for these children.
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