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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry

Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: April 29, 2020

Noroviral P particle: structure, function and applications in virus-host interaction.

Ming Tan¹, Pingan Fang, Teepanis Chachiyo

¹Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.

|October 18, 2008

Summary

Noroviruses cause epidemic gastroenteritis by binding to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Subviral P particles retain this binding function and show potential for norovirus vaccine development.

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Published on: January 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Virology
Structural Biology
Immunology

Background:

Noroviruses are a major cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis.
These viruses utilize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as cellular receptors.
The protruding (P) domain of the norovirus capsid contains the receptor-binding site and can form subviral particles (P particles) in vitro.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the structure and HBGA-binding function of norovirus P particles.
To evaluate the potential of P particles for vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structural reconstruction.
Biochemical assays to assess HBGA-binding.
Immunogenicity studies.
Production of P particles in E. coli and yeast.

Main Results:

P particles are composed of 12 P dimers arranged in octahedral symmetry.
The dimeric packing resembles that of the norovirus capsid, with the receptor-binding interface exposed.
P particles are immunogenic and share antigenic and HBGA-binding profiles with virus-like particles.
P particles are stable and readily produced in microbial systems.

Conclusions:

Norovirus P particles possess a defined structure mimicking the viral capsid's surface.
P particles effectively bind to HBGAs and are immunogenic.
Their stability and ease of production suggest significant potential for norovirus vaccine development.