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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Hyperpolarized carbon-carbon intermolecular multiple quantum coherences.

Elizabeth R Jenista1, Rosa T Branca, Warren S Warren

  • 1Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, 2220 French Family Science Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. elizabeth.specht@duke.edu

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|October 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the first observation of intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) between two carbon nuclei. This breakthrough, enabled by hyperpolarization, opens new avenues for high-resolution imaging in carbon-based systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Quantum Coherence Phenomena
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) offer unique contrast for sub-voxel resolution imaging.
  • The limited signal-to-noise ratio and characteristic growth rates of iMQCs typically restrict their observation to hydrogen or hydrogen-coupled systems in thermally polarized samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve and detect intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) between two carbon nuclei.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional iMQC observations by utilizing hyperpolarization techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Employing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to significantly enhance the carbon nuclear signal.
  • Developing and applying a method to observe intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) specifically between carbon nuclei.

Main Results:

  • The first successful detection of an intermolecular multiple quantum signal between two carbon nuclei is reported.
  • Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) significantly amplifies the carbon signal, making carbon-based iMQCs feasible.

Conclusions:

  • The observation of carbon-carbon iMQCs is achievable using hyperpolarization.
  • This advancement expands the potential applications of iMQCs to a wider range of molecular systems and imaging scenarios.