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Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

T-maze Forced Alternation and Left-right Discrimination Tasks for Assessing Working and Reference Memory in Mice
17:45

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Published on: February 26, 2012

CNTRICS final task selection: long-term memory.

John D Ragland1, Roshan Cools, Michael Frank

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. jdragland@ucdavis.edu

Schizophrenia Bulletin
|October 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified key long-term memory (LTM) constructs and tasks for schizophrenia treatment development. This work focuses on item and relational memory, crucial for improving daily function in affected individuals.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Published on: August 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Long-term memory (LTM) deficits significantly impair daily functioning in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • Understanding the specific neural systems and cognitive operations underlying LTM is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • The CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Condition-Specific Symptoms) initiative aims to identify translatable memory constructs and tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the process of selecting promising LTM constructs and task paradigms for immediate translational development within the CNTRICS framework.
  • To identify key LTM constructs, specifically item encoding/retrieval and relational encoding/retrieval, for further investigation.
  • To select nominated tasks within these LTM constructs and a reinforcement learning construct for their translational potential.

Main Methods:

  • The LTM group convened for the third and final CNTRICS meeting to evaluate nominated tasks.
  • Tasks were selected based on their promise for immediate translational development in understanding and treating memory impairments.
  • The selection process focused on specific LTM constructs: item encoding and retrieval, and relational encoding and retrieval.

Main Results:

  • The LTM group successfully selected nominated tasks within key LTM constructs deemed most promising for translational development.
  • The selected tasks aim to address specific memory deficits observed in conditions like schizophrenia.
  • The article details the rationale behind task selection and includes descriptions from nominating authors.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of specific LTM tasks and constructs represents a significant step towards developing effective treatments for memory problems in schizophrenia.
  • Future research directions are considered, building upon the selected task paradigms.
  • This work facilitates the translation of cognitive neuroscience findings into clinical applications for memory disorders.