[Immune reconstitution after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation]

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Transplantation Science

Context:

• Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) is a critical treatment for various hematologic malignancies.
• Immune reconstitution post-transplant is crucial for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) control and infection prevention.
• Understanding immune recovery dynamics and influencing factors is vital for optimizing patient outcomes.

Purpose:

• To investigate immune reconstitution at 12 months post-allo-PBSCT.
• To analyze the relationship between immune cell recovery and factors including age, HLA compatibility, GVHD, and viral infections.
• To track T lymphocyte subgroups, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and serum immunoglobulin levels over time.

Summary:

• CD3+ T cell percentages recover by 3 months, CD4+ T cells by 6 months, and CD8+ T cells by 1 month post-transplant.
• B cell (CD19+) percentages recover between 3-6 months, and NK cell percentages between 1-3 months.
• Serum IgG normalized by 1 month, IgM by 3 months, but IgA did not normalize by 12 months.
• Chronic GVHD impaired B cell function, while herpes zoster infection reduced CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios.

Impact:

• Immune cell recovery timelines provide benchmarks for post-transplant monitoring.
• Identifying factors affecting immune reconstitution can guide supportive care strategies.
• This study highlights the complex interplay between transplantation, immune recovery, and clinical outcomes.