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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Changes of central visual receptive fields in experimental glaucoma.

S C Sharma1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Sansar_Sharma@nymc.edu

Progress in Brain Research
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

In experimental glaucoma, retinal ganglion cell death causes vision loss. Early stages show receptive field expansion, not visual scotoma, indicating compensatory mechanisms in retinal axons.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Glaucoma involves progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, leading to vision impairment.
  • Early RGC loss in glaucoma is protracted over months, with subtle functional deficits.
  • Experimental models are crucial for understanding glaucoma's early pathogenesis and compensatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early visual dysfunction in experimental glaucoma.
  • To explore the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and visual field changes.
  • To understand the role of axonal compensation in early glaucomatous changes.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of experimental glaucoma in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • Electrophysiological determination of visual fields on the contralateral optic tectum.
  • Measurement of receptive field sizes and correlation with IOP duration and magnitude.
  • Psychophysical assessment of visual acuity and thresholds.

Main Results:

  • No visual scotoma was observed in the early stages of experimental glaucoma.
  • Increased receptive field sizes at the periphery indicated early glaucomatous dysfunction.
  • A significant correlation was found between IOP elevation parameters and receptive field size.
  • Large receptive field expansions suggested axonal compensation for RGC loss.

Conclusions:

  • Early glaucomatous dysfunction is characterized by receptive field expansion rather than scotoma.
  • Axonal compensation mechanisms in remaining retinal ganglion cells can mask early visual deficits.
  • Understanding these compensatory adaptations is key to developing timely interventions for glaucoma.