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Related Experiment Videos

Copper toxicosis in veal calves.

J M Sullivan1, E B Janovitz, F R Robinson

  • 1Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Copper toxicosis caused by hematinic supplements led to fatal liver damage in young veal calves. High copper levels in livers correlated with severe lesions, indicating a significant dietary risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Animal Nutrition

Background:

  • Copper is an essential trace element for cattle, but excessive intake can cause toxicity.
  • Copper toxicosis in calves is often associated with genetic factors or specific dietary imbalances.
  • Hematinic supplements, frequently used in veal calf rations, can be a source of high copper levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of mortality in young veal calves from multiple farms.
  • To determine the role of copper-containing hematinic supplements in the observed deaths.
  • To characterize the pathological findings and copper concentrations associated with toxicosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of 7 affected veal calves from 5 farms.
  • Post-mortem examination including gross pathology and histopathology of liver and kidneys.

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  • Quantification of copper concentrations in liver and kidney tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • All 7 calves died, with 4 exhibiting icterus; 2 showed peritoneal hemorrhage.
    • Histopathology revealed hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and fibrosis in the liver.
    • Liver copper concentrations ranged from 277–684 ppm, correlating with lesion severity; kidney copper was 1.1–82.0 ppm.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary supplementation with copper-containing hematinics was identified as the cause of copper toxicosis in these veal calves.
    • High copper levels in the liver are directly linked to severe hepatopathy and mortality.
    • Careful monitoring of copper supplementation in calf diets is crucial to prevent toxicosis.