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Related Concept Videos

Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential; even...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

In Ovo and Ex Ovo Methods to Study Avian Inner Ear Development
10:09

In Ovo and Ex Ovo Methods to Study Avian Inner Ear Development

Published on: June 16, 2022

Hair cell regeneration.

Albert Sb Edge1, Zheng-Yi Chen

  • 1Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States. albert_edge@meei.harvard.edu

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian inner ear hair cell regeneration is limited. Research explores manipulating sensory epithelia using stem cells, cell transdifferentiation, or promoting cell proliferation to restore hearing and balance functions.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice
06:07

Isolation and Culture of Primary Cochlear Hair Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Oto-neurology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian inner ear hair cells, crucial for hearing and balance, possess limited regenerative capacity.
  • Understanding hair cell development is key to exploring regeneration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss potential strategies for mammalian inner ear hair cell regeneration.
  • To highlight genetic and pathway insights from lower vertebrates and mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on hair cell development and regeneration.
  • Analysis of gene and pathway involvement in sensory epithelia.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key genes and pathways regulating hair cell development.
  • Exploration of three primary regeneration approaches: stem cell utilization, nonsensory cell transdifferentiation, and induction of proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Inner ear stem cells offer a potential source for hair cell replacement.
  • Transdifferentiation of supporting cells presents a viable route for generating new hair cells.
  • Stimulating endogenous cell proliferation could restore hair cell populations and function.