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Updated: Jun 28, 2026
Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
Published on: May 23, 2025
Cytokine array after cyclosporine treatment in rats
1Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
Objectives:
Long-term treatment with cyclosporine (CsA) results in chronic nephrotoxicity, which is known to be mediated by several cytokines including transforming growth factor-betal. Cytokines are known to play an important role in innate immunity, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell growth, and differentiation. They are known to be involved in most disease processes, including cancer, cardiac disease, and nephrotoxicity. To evaluate changes of cytokines in a rat model of CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity, we performed a cytokine array.
Methods:
Experiments were performed on two groups of rats; normal control group and CsA-treated group. Cytokine array in rat serum was performed using Cytokine Antibody Array I kit from RayBiotech.
Results:
Serum creatinine, urine creatinine, and creatinine clearance increased in the CsA-treated group. Among the several cytokines, the expressions of the lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), nerve growth factor (beta-NGF), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the CsA-treated group were increased above that of cytokines in the control group. The density of the LIX in controls was 0.62, and in the CsA-treated group was 1.24. The density of the MCP-1 in controls was 0.68, and in CsA-treated, 1.43. The density of the beta-NGF in controls was 0.62, and that in CsA-treated, 1.24. The density of the TIMP-1 in controls 1.13, and in CsA-treated, 1.40.
Conclusions:
Our data suggested that among several cytokines elevated levels of the LIX, MCP-1, beta-NGF, and TIMP-1 are the contributing factors to CsA-induced nephropathy.