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Related Concept Videos

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
CCBs, a diverse class that includes dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and diphenylalkylamines (verapamil and diltiazem), exert their effect by blocking calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...

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Acetylcholine Re-Challenge After Intracoronary Nitroglycerine Administration
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Ranolazine for chronic stable angina.

David T Nash1, Stephen D Nash

  • 1Syracuse Preventive Cardiology, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA. Davidtnash@aol.com

Lancet (London, England)
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Ranolazine, a novel antianginal medication, effectively treats chronic stable angina pectoris by inhibiting late sodium influx. This unique drug improves exercise tolerance and reduces angina symptoms, offering a safe addition to existing treatment regimens.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic stable angina pectoris is a prevalent condition requiring effective treatment options.
  • Current antianginal therapies have limitations, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ranolazine as a new antianginal drug.
  • To understand the mechanism of action of ranolazine in treating angina.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of ranolazine in a sustained-release formulation.
  • Review of three randomized trials assessing ranolazine's impact on exercise testing and anginal episodes.

Main Results:

  • Ranolazine demonstrated efficacy in increasing exercise tolerance.
  • The drug was effective in reducing anginal episodes and the use of glyceryl trinitrate.

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  • Identified side-effects include dizziness, constipation, nausea, and potential QT(c) interval prolongation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Ranolazine is a safe and effective antianginal agent for chronic stable angina.
    • It represents a valuable addition to multi-drug regimens for managing complex cases.