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Related Concept Videos

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

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Nanogold Labeling of the Yeast Endosomal System for Ultrastructural Analyses
09:49

Nanogold Labeling of the Yeast Endosomal System for Ultrastructural Analyses

Published on: July 14, 2014

Signaling from endosomes: location makes a difference.

Lukasz Sadowski1, Iwona Pilecka, Marta Miaczynska

  • 1International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.

Experimental Cell Research
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Receptor trafficking balances degradation and recycling to control cell signaling. Internalized receptors signal from endosomes, highlighting the crucial role of endocytosis in cellular homeostasis and disease.

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Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment
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Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

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Nanogold Labeling of the Yeast Endosomal System for Ultrastructural Analyses
09:49

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Published on: July 14, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Membrane Trafficking

Background:

  • Transmembrane receptor signaling relies on a balance between receptor degradation and recycling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis.
  • Endocytosis is traditionally viewed as a mechanism for signal attenuation, but emerging evidence suggests it plays a more active role in signal transduction.
  • Internalized receptors can continue signaling within endosomal compartments, and some signaling events specifically require endocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of endocytosis in regulating signal transduction from transmembrane receptors.
  • To highlight examples where signal transduction is dependent on or originates from endocytic pathways.
  • To emphasize the physiological relevance of the interdependence between signaling and endocytosis in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent discoveries in receptor trafficking and signal transduction.
  • Analysis of examples demonstrating signaling from internalized receptors within endosomes.
  • Discussion of the dynamic nature of endocytic organelles in controlling signaling specificity and timing.

Main Results:

  • Endocytosis is not solely a degradative pathway but also a platform for sustained and distinct signaling events.
  • Endocytic organelles form a dynamic network that actively modulates the timing, amplitude, and specificity of receptor-mediated signals.
  • Signaling from internalized receptors can occur in various endosomal compartments, challenging the traditional view of signal attenuation.

Conclusions:

  • The process of endocytosis is intimately linked with signal transduction, actively shaping cellular responses.
  • Endocytic transport is physiologically relevant, playing critical roles in both maintaining health and contributing to disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the interplay between endocytosis and signaling is crucial for comprehending cellular homeostasis and developing therapeutic strategies.