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Fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids selectively affect plasma cytokines and decrease illness in Thai

Alice Thienprasert1, Suched Samuhaseneetoo, Kathryn Popplestone

  • 1Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand. alicet@su.ac.th

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Very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation reduced illness episodes and duration in healthy Thai schoolchildren. Fish oil intake improved upper respiratory tract infection outcomes and modulated TGF-beta1 levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play crucial roles in immune function and inflammation.
  • Understanding the impact of PUFAs on common illnesses in children is important for public health.
  • Previous research has explored PUFA supplementation, but effects on illness and specific cytokines in schoolchildren require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs on illness incidence and duration in schoolchildren.
  • To assess the impact of n-3 PUFA supplementation on selected plasma cytokine concentrations.
  • To determine changes in plasma fatty acid profiles following n-3 PUFA intake.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving Thai schoolchildren aged 9-12 years.
  • Participants received either fish oil (providing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo (soybean oil) daily for 6 months.
  • Illness episodes and duration were recorded; plasma cytokines (IL-2 receptor, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta1) and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid profiles were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Fish oil supplementation significantly increased very long-chain n-3 PUFAs in plasma phosphatidylcholine.
  • The fish oil group experienced fewer and shorter episodes of illness, primarily upper respiratory tract infections.
  • While plasma IL-2 receptor, IL-10, and IL-6 remained unaffected, plasma TGF-beta1 levels were lower in the fish oil group post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Very long-chain n-3 PUFAs effectively reduce the incidence and duration of illnesses, particularly infections, in healthy Thai schoolchildren.
  • Supplementation with fish oil demonstrates a beneficial effect on upper respiratory tract infections.
  • n-3 PUFA intake influences TGF-beta1 levels, suggesting a role in immune modulation.