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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins
Published on: January 23, 2012
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV in immune and inflammatory responses: novel routes for an ancient traveller
Luigi Racioppi1, Anthony R Means
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. racioppi@unina.it
Abstract:
Ca(2+) is a pivotal second messenger controlling the activation of lymphocytes. Crucial events in the social life of immunocytes are regulated by the calcium/calmodulin complex (Ca(2+)/CaM), which controls the activation status of many enzymes, including the Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent Ser-Thr kinases (CaMK) I, II and IV. Although CaMKI and CaMKII are expressed ubiquitously, CaMKIV is found predominately in cells of the nervous and immune systems. To be active, CaMKIV requires binding of Ca(2+)/CaM and phosphorylation by CaMKKalpha or beta. The requirement of two CaM kinases in the same signalling pathway led to the concept of a CaM kinase cascade. In this review, we focus on the roles of CaMKK and CaMKIV cascades in immune and inflammatory responses.
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