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J W McCall¹, C Genchi, L Kramer

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. jwmccall@uga.edu

Veterinary Parasitology

|October 22, 2008

Summary

A combination of ivermectin (IVM) and doxycycline (DOXY) effectively eliminated adult heartworms in dogs. This IVM + DOXY treatment, with or without melarsomine (MEL), also reduced microfilariae, offering a safer alternative to MEL alone.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Parasitology
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology

Background:

Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) poses a significant threat to canine health.
Current treatments for adult heartworms, such as melarsomine (MEL), can cause severe adverse events.
A need exists for safer, more effective adulticidal treatments and methods to reduce microfilaremia and break transmission early.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and doxycycline (DOXY), alone or in combination with melarsomine (MEL), against adult heartworms in dogs.
To assess the impact of these treatments on microfilaremia and the infectivity of microfilariae.
To compare the safety and efficacy of combined treatments with MEL alone.

Main Methods:

Thirty beagles were experimentally infected with adult heartworms.
Dogs were allocated to six groups receiving different treatment regimens: IVM, DOXY, IVM + DOXY, IVM + DOXY + MEL, MEL alone, or no treatment (control).
Treatments were administered over 36 weeks, with efficacy assessed via worm recovery, microfilaria counts, and antigen testing.

Main Results:

The combination of IVM + DOXY (with or without MEL) achieved 100% elimination of adult heartworms.
All dogs treated with IVM + DOXY (with or without MEL) became amicrofilaremic by Week 9.
Mosquitoes feeding on DOXY-treated dogs produced non-infective L3 larvae, indicating a break in transmission.

Conclusions:

Combined treatment with ivermectin and doxycycline offers a highly effective and potentially safer alternative for eliminating adult heartworms in dogs.
This combination therapy significantly reduces microfilaremia and prevents transmission.
The IVM + DOXY regimen shows promise for reducing the risk of thromboembolism associated with traditional melarsomine treatment.