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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

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Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

Development and evaluation of the Sinomenine transdermal patch.

Jianping Wang1, Jinlan Ruan, Changgong Zhang

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan-430030, P.R. China. jinlan8152@163.com

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Sinomenine transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) patch was successfully developed. This patch demonstrates excellent drug release, strong adhesion, and minimal skin irritation, indicating its potential for topical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Materials Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Sinomenine is a compound with potential therapeutic applications.
  • Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer advantages for topical administration.
  • Optimizing the formulation of sinomenine for effective topical delivery is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize a novel Sinomenine transdermal patch.
  • To evaluate the in vitro drug release, adhesion properties, and skin irritation potential of the developed patch.

Main Methods:

  • Sinomenine transdermal patches were fabricated using the salivation method.
  • In vitro drug release kinetics were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • Adhesion properties were assessed via peel tests, and skin irritation was evaluated on a mouse model.

Main Results:

  • The Sinomenine TDDS patch exhibited in vitro release kinetics following the Higuchi equation (r>0.99).
  • Over 90% of the drug was released within 24 hours, indicating efficient drug delivery.
  • The patch demonstrated strong peel adhesion (≥10 N/25 mm) and negligible skin irritation (erythema and edema).

Conclusions:

  • The successful preparation of the Sinomenine transdermal patch was confirmed.
  • The patch possesses favorable release profiles, adhesion characteristics, and safety for topical use.
  • This Sinomenine transdermal patch shows promise for effective topical therapeutic applications.