Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Does Overconfidence Really Confer Adaptive Benefits to Children's Learning?

Psychological science·2026

Same author

Nothing to see here: The weak evidence base for unconscious control of human behavior.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026

Same author

Operant light self-administration may not be reinforcing beyond homeostasis, and habit learning in rodents may not translate well to human addiction.

Journal of behavioral addictions·2026

Same author

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Nature·2026

Same author

Replicating the unconscious working memory effect: a multisite Registered Report.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026

Same author

Trapped by selective attention: The role of attentional processes in the emergence and prevention of learning traps.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

The effectiveness of feedback in multiple-cue probability learning.

Ben R Newell¹, Nicola J Weston, Richard J Tunney

¹University College London, London, UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)

|October 22, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Feedback effectiveness in learning multiple cues depends on the learning type. Additional feedback can hinder nonmetric multiple-cue probability learning (MCPL) unless it clarifies cue polarity, aiding performance by promoting a linear strategy.

More Related Videos

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

Published on: May 3, 2012

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

A Fully Automated and Highly Versatile System for Testing Multi-cognitive Functions and Recording Neuronal Activities in Rodents

Published on: May 3, 2012

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Decision Making
Machine Learning

Background:

Multiple-cue probability learning (MCPL) involves learning from probabilistic relationships between cues and outcomes.
Research shows mixed results regarding feedback effectiveness in nonmetric vs. metric MCPL.

Purpose of the Study:

To resolve the paradox of feedback effectiveness in nonmetric and metric MCPL.
To investigate if feedback clarifying cue polarity can improve nonmetric MCPL performance.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted using nonmetric MCPL tasks.
Participants received different types of feedback.
Analysis focused on strategy adoption and performance.

Main Results:

Additional feedback was detrimental in nonmetric MCPL without cue polarity information.
Feedback enabling cue polarity inference improved nonmetric MCPL performance.
Participants adopted linear strategies even in nonlinear environments.

Conclusions:

Feedback effectiveness in nonmetric MCPL is contingent on its ability to reveal cue polarity.
This finding reconciles conflicting results between metric and nonmetric MCPL studies.
People exhibit a bias towards assuming linearity and additivity in probabilistic learning.