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Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent techniques.

L J Kricka1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19108.

Clinical Chemistry
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) offer sensitive, rapid, and simple analytical methods. These light-emitting reactions show great promise for clinical diagnostics, particularly in immunoassays and DNA probe assays.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) offer sensitive, rapid, and simple analytical methods.
  • Despite advantages like attomole detection limits and nonhazardous reagents, CL and BL assays are underutilized in routine clinical laboratories.
  • Promising clinical applications include immunoassays, protein blotting, and DNA probe assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence in analytical chemistry.
  • To highlight the advantages and potential of CL and BL assays for clinical laboratory adoption.
  • To discuss various chemiluminescent labels and enzyme-amplified detection systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemiluminescent molecules (luminol, isoluminol, acridinium esters, etc.) used as labels.
  • Description of separation and nonseparation assay formats.
  • Discussion of enzyme labels (alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, luciferases) combined with CL/BL detection.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced CL methods for peroxidase and direct CL methods for alkaline phosphatase demonstrate high sensitivity (0.001 amol) and long-lived light emission (>30 min).
  • These optimized systems are suitable for membrane-based applications using photographic film or charge-coupled device cameras.
  • Enzyme amplification combined with CL or BL detection provides highly sensitive analytical systems.

Conclusions:

  • Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence offer significant advantages for clinical diagnostics, including high sensitivity and speed.
  • Further adoption of these light-emitting reactions in routine clinical labs is warranted.
  • Optimized CL assays, particularly for peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, are well-suited for sensitive and robust diagnostic applications.

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