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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells represent two fundamental types of cellular organization, differing significantly in structure, complexity, and function. These distinctions underpin the biological diversity seen across domains of life.Prokaryotic Cell CharacteristicsProkaryotic cells, exemplified by bacteria and archaea, are structurally simple and lack membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Their genetic material consists of a single, circular DNA molecule in the nucleoid region,...
Origin of Cellular Life01:24

Origin of Cellular Life

The origin of life on Earth is a complex and enigmatic event rooted in ancient biochemical processes and geological conditions. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that life began with the spontaneous formation of organic molecules such as RNA nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids under early Earth conditions. Factors like volcanic activity, intense UV radiation, and a reducing atmosphere without free oxygen likely facilitated these reactions. Hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor are...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Predation and eukaryote cell origins: a coevolutionary perspective.

T Cavalier-Smith1

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. tom.cavalier-smith@zoo.ox.ac.uk

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic cell evolution involved major innovations like phagotrophy and endomembrane systems, leading to the nucleus and mitochondria. This intracellular coevolution theory explains key eukaryotic cell biology features.

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

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Ablation of a Single Cell From Eight-cell Embryos of the Amphipod Crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis
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Published on: March 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cells are broadly categorized into bacteria (prokaryotes) and eukaryotes.
  • Eukaryotes evolved from bacteria, incorporating approximately 60 major innovations.
  • Previous theories on eukaryogenesis often conflict with phylogenetic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the origin and evolution of eukaryotic cells.
  • To present the intracellular coevolutionary theory of eukaryogenesis.
  • To detail the phylogenetic background and selective pressures driving eukaryotic evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis
  • Comparative genomics
  • Review of existing data and theories on eukaryogenesis

Main Results:

  • The eukaryotic cytoskeleton and endomembrane system coevolved with phagotrophy.
  • Phagocytosis led to the internalization of DNA-membrane attachments, driving the evolution of the nucleus and mitotic cycle.
  • Mitochondrial symbiogenesis followed phagotrophy, enhancing energy efficiency and providing intron precursors.

Conclusions:

  • The intracellular coevolutionary theory best explains fundamental eukaryotic cell biology.
  • Eukaryogenesis involved radical modifications of an actinobacterial ancestor, including changes in cell wall composition and DNA handling.
  • Phagotrophic pressures drove the evolution of intracellular digestion mechanisms and compartmentalization in early eukaryotes.