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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Electromyometrial Imaging of Uterine Contractions in Pregnant Women

Electromyometrial Imaging of Uterine Contractions in Pregnant Women

Published on: May 26, 2023

Diagnostic clues to ectopic pregnancy.

Edward P Lin¹, Shweta Bhatt, Vikram S Dogra

¹Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

|October 22, 2008

Summary

Ectopic pregnancy, a leading cause of early pregnancy mortality, is diagnosed using hormonal assays and pelvic ultrasonography (US). Key US findings like adnexal masses aid in detecting this condition, which can occur in various locations beyond the fallopian tube.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Diagnostic Imaging
Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background:

Ectopic pregnancy affects about 2% of pregnancies and is the primary cause of pregnancy-related mortality in the first trimester.
Early diagnosis is crucial, with hormonal assays and pelvic ultrasonography (US) being initial evaluation steps.
Symptoms such as pelvic pain combined with abnormal beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels warrant an ectopic pregnancy evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnostic utility of hormonal assays and pelvic ultrasonography (US) in identifying ectopic pregnancies.
To outline the common and less common locations and sonographic findings associated with ectopic pregnancies.

Main Methods:

Review of current diagnostic protocols for ectopic pregnancy.
Description of characteristic and suggestive findings on pelvic ultrasonography (US).
Categorization of different types of ectopic pregnancies based on implantation site.

Main Results:

The fallopian tube is the most frequent site for ectopic implantation.
Common US findings for tubal pregnancy include an adnexal mass separate from the ovary and the tubal ring sign.
Various ectopic pregnancy types (interstitial, cornual, ovarian, cervical, scar, intraabdominal, heterotopic) present with a spectrum of US findings, often nonspecific individually but improving diagnostic specificity when combined.

Conclusions:

Pelvic ultrasonography (US), particularly when integrating multiple findings, significantly enhances the specificity of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis.
Understanding the diverse locations and characteristic US appearances is vital for timely and accurate diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies.