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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Concurrent EEG and Functional MRI Recording and Integration Analysis for Dynamic Cortical Activity Imaging
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Mapping causal interregional influences with concurrent TMS-fMRI.

Sven Bestmann1, Christian C Ruff, Felix Blankenburg

  • 1Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. s.bestmann@ion.ucl.ac.uk

Experimental Brain Research
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
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Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals causal brain interactions. This approach maps TMS effects and informs therapeutic applications for brain research and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly influences brain activity.
  • Neuroimaging techniques like fMRI offer insights into brain function.
  • Combining TMS with fMRI allows for simultaneous study of their effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent concurrent TMS-fMRI studies.
  • To illustrate how this combined technique provides insights into causal brain interactions.
  • To explore the potential of TMS-fMRI in understanding brain function and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent TMS-fMRI studies were reviewed.
  • Analysis focused on detecting spatial topography of TMS effects.
  • Investigation included effects of psychological factors and task-states.

Main Results:

  • fMRI can map local and remote TMS effects.
  • TMS-induced 'virtual lesions' and adaptive brain changes were observed.
  • Distributed activity changes underlying behavioral consequences were revealed.

Conclusions:

  • Concurrent TMS-fMRI offers unique insights into causal interactions among brain regions.
  • This combination enhances understanding of TMS physiological underpinnings and neural correlates.
  • It paves the way for improved basic research and therapeutic TMS protocols in health and disease.