Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Area Calculations01:22

Surface Area Calculations

Surface area calculations for a graph z = f(x, y) are fundamental in engineering applications involving curved structures such as satellite dishes. A parabolic dish reflects communication signals efficiently, but engineers must determine its exact curved surface area to estimate coating materials, fabrication costs, and structural requirements. Since the rim of the dish forms a circular boundary, the surface area is calculated over a circular domain in the xy-plane.Parametric Representation of...
Simpson's Rule II01:28

Simpson's Rule II

In warehouse roofing applications, corrugated or curved metal sheets are commonly used to improve structural strength, water drainage, and ventilation efficiency. To accurately estimate material requirements and optimize design parameters, engineers must determine the curved surface area of these sheets. Because the sheet profiles often repeat smoothly along their length, they can be effectively approximated by parabolic curves, enabling the use of numerical integration techniques for area...
Surface Integrals01:28

Surface Integrals

A curved roof has a surface area that is generally larger than its flat projection. To estimate the cost of painting it, the curved surface area must first be calculated. If the roof is represented parametrically by a vector-valued function r(u,v), then each point in a parameter domain D corresponds to a point on the surface S. This connection allows the curved surface to be studied through a two-dimensional parameter region.The parameter domain D is divided into many small rectangles. A...
Area of a Surface of Revolution01:29

Area of a Surface of Revolution

Surfaces of revolution are formed when a two-dimensional curve is rotated around an axis, producing a three-dimensional shape. This concept is used in engineering tasks like determining the surface area of a rocket nozzle, where precise calculations are critical for applying uniform heat-resistant coatings. When a curve is revolved about the x-axis, it sweeps out a continuous surface whose area must be calculated accurately to estimate material requirements.Approximating with Conical BandsTo...
Area Problem01:26

Area Problem

Determining the area of a region with straight edges is straightforward, as geometric formulas for rectangles, triangles, and polygons can be applied directly. However, traditional geometric methods are insufficient when a region has a curved boundary, such as the area under a function.fromThe area problem involves finding a systematic way to measure such regions. One approach to solving this problem is through approximation. Instead of attempting to compute the area exactly at the outset, the...
Calculus with Parametric Curves: Surface Areas01:30

Calculus with Parametric Curves: Surface Areas

A parametric curve is a description of a path in the plane where both the x and y coordinates are functions of a single parameter, typically denoted t. When such a curve is revolved about an external axis lying in the same plane, it generates a surface of revolution in three dimensions. The surface area of this rotated shape depends fundamentally on two aspects: the geometry of the original curve and how far it lies from the chosen axis of rotation.A torus is a classical surface of revolution...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A simple anthropometric estimation formula for healthy female labourers' leg volume.

Annals of human biology·2023
Same author

Can We Use Grip Strength to Predict Other Types of Hand Exertions? An Example of Manufacturing Industry Workers.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2021
Same author

Normative Hand Strength of Healthcare Industry Workers in Central Taiwan.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2021
Same author

A Pilot Study of Five Types of Maximum Hand Strength among Manufacturing Industry Workers in Taiwan.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2019
Same author

Evaluation of a proposed chair with an arm support for wiring terminal blocks on a vertical plane.

Industrial health·2018
Same author

Hand surface area estimation formula using 3D anthropometry.

Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene·2010
Same journal

Advancing safety training for nuclear decommissioning and dismantling: Integrating MX-based approaches for improved competency development.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Authority gradients in rail: A cross-jurisdictional systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

The distracting role of stress: Impaired executive attention and delayed fatigue perception.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Analysis of work system components in interprofessional communication to determine shock etiology.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Getting SSPOT to run: Development of a novel direct observational tool for usage in clinical settings.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Investigating the impact of sopite syndrome on physiological responses during an immersive Augmented Reality (AR) game in a moving vehicle.

Applied ergonomics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments
11:47

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Published on: February 27, 2013

Foot surface area database and estimation formula.

Chi-Yuang Yu1, Hsin-Hung Tu

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing-Hua University, No.101, sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. cyyu@mx.nthu.edu.tw

Applied Ergonomics
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study created a foot surface area (FSA) database and formula using 3D scans. The formula, based on foot length and ball girth, accurately estimates FSA for both genders, improving on previous underestimations.

More Related Videos

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
10:35

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments
11:47

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Published on: February 27, 2013

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
10:35

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Anthropometry
  • 3D Imaging Technology

Background:

  • Accurate foot surface area (FSA) data is crucial for various applications, including footwear design and clinical assessments.
  • Existing FSA estimation methods may lack precision and can lead to underestimations.
  • A comprehensive database and reliable formula are needed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a robust foot surface area (FSA) database using high-resolution 3D foot scan data.
  • To develop an accurate and practical FSA estimation formula.
  • To compare newly derived FSA measurements with existing data and validate the proposed formula.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 270 subjects (135 male, 135 female) stratified by stature and body weight.
  • Utilized a high-resolution 3D foot scanner (precision/accuracy <1%) for data acquisition.
  • Computed FSA via triangular mesh summation and extracted five 1D foot measurements for regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Developed a universal FSA estimation formula: FSA = 1.043 x foot-length x ball-girth (R²=95.4%).
  • Demonstrated that previous studies underestimated FSA by up to 4.06% overall.
  • Confirmed that a single formula is effective for both genders, negating the need for gender-specific equations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FSA estimation formula provides a highly accurate and reliable method for determining foot surface area.
  • The findings suggest a significant underestimation of FSA in previous research.
  • The proposed formula is applicable across genders, simplifying its use in diverse applications.