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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Sedation with propofol for interventional endoscopic procedures: a risk factor analysis.

Till Wehrmann1, Andrea Riphaus

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Academic Hospital Siloah, Hannover, Germany. twehrmann@hotmail.com

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
|October 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Propofol sedation for interventional endoscopy carries risks, with adverse events occurring in 1.4% of cases. Close monitoring is crucial, especially during emergency procedures, as risk factors include emergency interventions and higher propofol doses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Clinical Safety

Background:

  • Propofol sedation is generally safe for diagnostic endoscopy.
  • Interventional endoscopic procedures may present higher risks with propofol sedation.
  • Cardiorespiratory side effects and need for assisted ventilation are potential concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and adverse events associated with propofol sedation during interventional endoscopic procedures.
  • To identify risk factors for sedation-related complications in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-year retrospective analysis of 9547 endoscopic interventions (UGI, ERCP, EUS) under propofol sedation.
  • Adverse events included procedure termination, need for assisted ventilation, or ICU admission.
  • Statistical analysis to identify independent risk factors for adverse events.

Main Results:

  • 1.4% (135/9547) of procedures had adverse events.
  • Assisted ventilation (0.4%), endotracheal intubation (0.09%), and ICU admission (0.3%) were required in some cases.
  • Mortality was 0.03% (4/9547), with 3 potentially sedation-related.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional endoscopy under propofol sedation is associated with risks.
  • Emergency procedures and higher propofol doses (>100 mg) are independent risk factors for adverse events.
  • Close monitoring of vital parameters is essential, particularly for prolonged or emergency interventions.