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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

[Influenza vaccine].

Taisuke Horimoto1, Shin Murakami, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

  • 1Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy is limited by viral changes. Cell culture-based production may improve vaccine productivity and effectiveness against evolving influenza strains, including H5N1 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Context:

  • Seasonal influenza vaccines exhibit variable efficacy.
  • Frequent antigenic drift and shift in influenza viruses necessitate improved vaccine strategies.
  • Emergence of oseltamivir-resistant strains (e.g., H1N1) underscores the need for effective prophylaxis.

Purpose:

  • To explore alternative influenza vaccine production methods.
  • To enhance vaccine productivity and immunogenicity.
  • To address limitations of current egg-based vaccine manufacturing.

Summary:

  • Current influenza vaccine efficacy is hampered by rapid viral evolution.
  • Cell culture-based vaccine production offers potential advantages over traditional egg-based methods.

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An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
05:21

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
06:34

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers

Published on: December 1, 2017

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
06:17

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

  • This approach may improve yield and effectiveness, crucial for seasonal and pandemic preparedness (e.g., H5N1).

    • Impact:

    • Improved influenza vaccine production could lead to broader availability and enhanced protection.
    • Development of more effective vaccines is critical for managing seasonal epidemics and pandemic threats.
    • Mitigation of risks associated with antiviral resistance and novel influenza strains.