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Neurulation

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Murine Neural Plate Targeting by In Utero Nano-Injection (NEPTUNE) at Embryonic Day 7.5

Murine Neural Plate Targeting by In Utero Nano-Injection (NEPTUNE) at Embryonic Day 7.5

Published on: February 14, 2022

Disseminated neurenteric cyst.

Muneyoshi Yasuda¹, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Hiroaki Ozawa

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. myasuda@aichi-med-u.ac.jp

Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine

|October 23, 2008

Summary

This case report details a rare holospinal dissemination of a neurenteric cyst. Surgical fenestration and a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt effectively treated the condition, improving patient mobility.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Murine Neural Plate Targeting by In Utero Nano-Injection (NEPTUNE) at Embryonic Day 7.5

Murine Neural Plate Targeting by In Utero Nano-Injection (NEPTUNE) at Embryonic Day 7.5

Published on: February 14, 2022

Endoscopic Approach for Colloid Cyst Resection

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Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neuropathology
Medical Case Reports

Background:

Neurenteric cysts are congenital anomalies that can cause neurological deficits due to mass effect and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation compromise.
Recurrence and extensive dissemination are known challenges in managing neurenteric cysts, often due to adherence to vital neural structures.

Observation:

A 46-year-old woman with a history of fourth ventricle neurenteric cysts presented with dizziness and gait disturbance.
Neuroimaging revealed extensive holospinal dissemination of the neurenteric cyst, causing significant spinal cord distortion, particularly in the cervicothoracic region.

Findings:

Surgical intervention involved endoscopic cyst fenestration in the cervicothoracic region and placement of a subarachnoid-peritoneal (SP) shunt.
Pathological diagnosis confirmed a disseminated neurenteric cyst without evidence of malignancy.
The patient demonstrated clinical improvement, including enhanced gait and no signs of peritoneal spread, with sustained benefit for over a year post-procedure.

Implications:

This case highlights an unusual holospinal dissemination pattern of a neurenteric cyst.
Cyst fenestration combined with SP shunt placement presents a viable treatment strategy for complex, disseminated neurenteric cysts where complete resection is challenging.
The findings suggest that disseminated neurenteric cysts, while rare, can be managed effectively with tailored surgical approaches.