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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

65.1K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
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Small airways disease in asthma.

Jonathan Corren1

  • 1Allergy Research Foundation, University of California, Los Angeles, 11620 Wilshire Boulevard #200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. jcorren@ucla.edu

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Asthma affects not only large airways but also small airways, contributing significantly to airway resistance and inflammation. New inhaled corticosteroid formulations may improve treatment for this peripheral airway component.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Asthma pathophysiology involves both central and peripheral airways.
  • Small airways contribute significantly to overall airway resistance in asthma.
  • Inflammation, including eosinophils and lymphocytes, is prominent in small airways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the involvement of small airways in asthma.
  • To discuss the challenges and advancements in assessing peripheral airway disease.
  • To underscore the clinical relevance of small airway involvement for treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing physiologic and pathologic evidence.
  • Discussion of small airway hyperresponsiveness to stimuli like methacholine.
  • Mention of quantitative CT imaging as a research tool.

More Related Videos

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Published on: December 17, 2017

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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice
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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Main Results:

  • Small airways demonstrate hyperresponsiveness similar to large airways.
  • Inflammatory infiltrates in small airways can be more intense than in large airways.
  • Quantitative CT analysis is a valuable tool for studying peripheral airways.

Conclusions:

  • Small airway dysfunction is a critical component of asthma.
  • Effective assessment of peripheral airways is crucial for comprehensive asthma management.
  • Novel inhaled corticosteroid delivery systems may target small airways more effectively.