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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Zygomatic arch deformation: an anatomic and clinical study.

Marcin Czerwinski1, Stephanie Ma, H Bruce Williams

  • 1The Craniofacial Center, Dallas, TX, USA. marcin.czerwinski@mail.mcgill.ca

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Zygomatic arch deformation without fracture is an elastic injury pattern seen in 19% of zygoma injuries. This finding may reduce the need for surgery and hardware fixation in certain patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Zygomatic arch trauma typically results in three distinct fracture patterns.
  • An additional, previously unidentified injury pattern involves significant axial plane bending without fracture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel injury pattern of zygomatic arch deformation without fracture.
  • To compare the demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with and without zygomatic arch fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans analyzed arch bending in patients with deformation without fracture.
  • Patients were categorized into 'arch deformation without fracture' and 'arch fracture' groups.
  • Postoperative CT scans compared zygoma repair accuracy using the Gillies' technique in both groups.

Main Results:

  • Arch bending most commonly occurred in the middle and posterior thirds, averaging 11 degrees.
  • Post-Gillies' repair, residual arch deformation averaged 2 degrees.
  • Patients with arch deformation without fracture were significantly younger (24 yrs vs 42 yrs) and achieved near anatomic realignment.

Conclusions:

  • Zygomatic arch deformation without fracture accounts for 19% of zygoma injuries and is likely elastic.
  • This injury pattern may reduce the need for coronal exposure and hardware fixation.
  • Anatomic repair and stability can be achieved without surgical intervention in some cases.