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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
11:31

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Published on: December 5, 2014

Neonatal hypertonia: I. Classification and structural-functional correlates.

Mark S Scher1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-6090, USA. Mark.Scher@UHhospitals.org

Pediatric Neurology
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal hypertonic states, characterized by abnormal tone and posture, require precise description. A standardized classification for neonatal hypertonia is needed for accurate diagnosis and intervention.

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neonatal hypertonic states manifest as abnormal muscle tone and posture.
  • Current descriptions lack precision, hindering accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of muscle tone is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a more precise descriptive framework for neonatal hypertonic states.
  • To adapt classification schemes used for older children to the neonatal population.
  • To enhance the clinical examination for better integration of etiology, injury timing, and localization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal tone and posture.
  • Analysis of ontogeny of muscle tone from fetal to full-term development.
  • Conceptualization of structural-functional correlates of hypertonia.

Main Results:

  • Identified variability in the presentation of neonatal hypertonia.
  • Highlighted the need for a developmental perspective in describing hypertonia.
  • Emphasized the importance of precise clinical descriptions for therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • A refined classification of neonatal hypertonia is essential for clinical practice.
  • Accurate description aids in understanding developmental aspects and neurological localization.
  • Improved characterization will guide appropriate therapeutic interventions in neonatal neurocritical care.