Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Knowledge and acceptability of male HPV vaccination among young people and community stakeholders in northwest Tanzania: social sciences in the Add-Vacc trial.

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Evidence required to evaluate the use of bacteriologically confirmed asymptomatic tuberculosis disease as a primary endpoint in prevention of tuberculosis disease vaccine licensure trials.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2025
Same author

Impact of human papillomavirus vaccines in the reduction of infection, precursor lesions, and cervical cancer: A systematic literature review.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2025
Same author

Evidence for an HPV one-dose schedule.

Vaccine·2024
Same author

Overview of CHIC symposia series: Summary of Africa and South Asia symposia.

Vaccine·2024
Same author

An update on one-dose HPV vaccine studies, immunobridging and humoral immune responses - A meeting report.

Preventive medicine reports·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

HPV vaccines: are they the answer?

Margaret Stanley1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21QP, UK. mas1001@cam.ac.uk

British Medical Bulletin
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 vaccines effectively prevent HPV-related diseases and infections. Ongoing research focuses on next-generation vaccines with broader protection and improved delivery methods.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
06:57

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause significant ano-genital disease burdens.
  • In vitro synthesis of HPV L1 protein enables self-assembly into virus-like particles, revolutionizing prevention strategies.
  • This advancement offers prospects for preventing benign and malignant ano-genital diseases caused by common HPV types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and efficacy of HPV L1 vaccines.
  • To assess the impact of current HPV vaccines on disease prevention.
  • To identify future research directions for improved HPV vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles.
  • Analysis of randomized controlled trial data for HPV L1 vaccines.
  • Evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity, tolerability, and effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Two HPV L1 vaccines (quadrivalent and bivalent) are highly immunogenic and well-tolerated.
  • Vaccines demonstrate high efficacy in preventing HPV infection and premalignant disease in baseline HPV-negative women.
  • Protection persists for at least 5 years; HPV 6/11 vaccines reduce genital warts by 80-90%.
  • Vaccines reduce, but do not eliminate, cervical cancer risk due to targeting only two oncogenic types; screening remains crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Second-generation HPV vaccines are under investigation, aiming for broader type protection and enhanced thermostability.
  • Non-injection delivery methods are a key area for future vaccine development.
  • HPV vaccination is a realistic intervention against HPV-associated disease, especially where screening programs are limited.