Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Asian Pacific Association of the Study of the Liver expert survey on artificial intelligence-assisted reporting of liver histopathology in metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease.

Hepatology international·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Evidence for the Dimuon Decay of the Higgs Boson in pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Evidence for Longitudinally Polarized W Bosons in the Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Predictors of HIV Care Continuum Progression: Clark County, Nevada.

Open forum infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Observation of tt[over ¯] Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Dapagliflozin-induced anaphylactic shock.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same journal

Comparative efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors in severe alopecia areata: a network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same journal

Two cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe ocular involvement treated with adjunctive tofacitinib.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same journal

Diastolic dysfunction and diabetes: the DIADAD study-a retrospective cohort study from Liverpool.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same journal

Care, cash, and proof: forensic accountability for war-related starvation.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
Same journal

Response to traumatic injuries in polo players in England.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid hormone resistance.

N K Agrawal1, R Goyal, A Rastogi

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. drnkavns@gmail.com

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormone resistance (THR) is a rare condition causing reduced end-organ sensitivity. Diagnosis aids in family genetic counseling and appropriate treatment for associated thyroid conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormone resistance (THR) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by decreased end-organ sensitivity to thyroid hormones.
  • Patients exhibit elevated serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) with normal or slightly elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels.
  • Key clinical features include goiter without overt symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify the different types of thyroid hormone resistance.
  • To identify the genetic and molecular basis of THR.
  • To differentiate THR from TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas and discuss management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of THR based on the affected tissues: pituitary, peripheral, or generalized resistance.
  • Investigation of genetic mutations in the TRbeta gene, cell membrane transporters, and genes involved in intracellular thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • Differential diagnosis from TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas through family history.

Main Results:

  • THR is classified into pituitary, peripheral, and generalized forms.
  • Mutations in the TRbeta gene, cell membrane transporters, and intracellular metabolism genes are implicated.
  • Distinguishing THR from TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas is crucial and aided by family history.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone resistance is a distinct endocrine disorder with genetic underpinnings.
  • Management is often supportive, with specific treatments tailored to individual symptoms.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective genetic counseling within affected families.