Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
Published on: August 25, 2017
Ozone and other air pollutants and the risk of oral clefts
Bing-Fang Hwang1, Jouni J K Jaakkola
1Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Background:
Air pollution influences the development of oral clefts in animals. There are few epidemiologic data on the relation of prenatal air pollution exposure and the risk of oral clefts.
Objectives:
Our goal in this study was to assess the relations between exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P).
Methods:
We conducted a population-based case-control study of all 653 cases of CL/P and a random sample of 6,530 control subjects from 721,289 Taiwanese newborns in 2001-2003. We used geographic information systems to form exposure parameters for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter
Results:
The risk of CL/P was increased in relation to O3 levels in the first gestational month [adjusted OR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.39] and second gestational month (adjusted OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.52) in the range from 16.7 ppb to 45.1 ppb, but was not related to CO, NO(x), SO2, or PM10.
Conclusions:
The study provides new evidence that exposure to outdoor air O3 during the first and second month of pregnancy may increase the risk of CL/P. Similar levels of O3 are encountered globally by large numbers of pregnant women.
Related Concept Videos
Types of Toxins
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Development of the Oral Microbiota
Oogenesis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation

