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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

[Adrenal tumors].

M K Walz1

  • 1Klinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen. mkwalz@kliniken-essen-mitte.de

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal tumors, often primary, can cause hormonal imbalances like Conn's or Cushing's syndrome. Surgical removal, preferably minimally invasive, is the primary treatment for these adrenal neoplasms.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Context:

  • Adrenal tumors present as primary or secondary conditions.
  • Primary adrenal tumors can secrete hormones, leading to distinct clinical syndromes.
  • Common examples include Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism), Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism), and pheochromocytoma (catecholamine excess).

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of adrenal tumors, their clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the relationship between tumor size and malignancy in adrenocortical neoplasias.
  • To emphasize current treatment preferences for adrenal tumors.

Summary:

  • Adrenal tumors are classified as primary or secondary, with primary types potentially causing significant hormonal effects.
  • Typical hormone-secreting adrenal tumors lead to conditions such as hyperaldosteronism, hypercortisolism, and catecholamine excess.
  • While primary adrenal tumors are infrequently malignant, adrenocortical neoplasias demonstrate a correlation between tumor size and malignancy risk. Diagnostic tools include hormone assays and imaging. Surgical excision, increasingly via minimally invasive techniques, is the preferred therapeutic option.

Impact:

  • Informs clinicians about the diverse clinical presentations of adrenal tumors.
  • Underscores the importance of diagnostic evaluation for hormone secretion and tumor characteristics.
  • Promotes the adoption of minimally invasive surgical approaches for adrenal tumor management.